Fibonacci Day is celebrated on November 23rd every year, to commemorate the research done by Leonardo Fibonacci on Fibonacci numbers and the golden ratio. This number is said to be found in many places around us, even in plants and humans. This series of numbers is calculated by adding the previous two numbers on the number line to get to the next number. The series goes like this: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55…and so on, till infinity and beyond.
Leonardo of Pisa, famously known as Fibonacci (son of Bonacci), was born in a family of traders in 12th-century Italy. He was inspired by the Hindu-Arabic system of arithmetics for calculations, which were easier for mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division than the Roman numerals the Europeans used.
This system was originally discovered by Indian scientists like Pingala, Bharata Muni, and Virahanka, and is also connected to Sanskrit prosody. Fibonacci wrote about this phenomenon in the book Liber Abaci and explained it by linking it to rabbits and their rate of reproduction.
This occurrence happens in nature too, such as in a sunflower, the shell of a nautilus, the unfurling of fern leaves, the fruitlets in a pineapple, and many more. Fibonacci numbers also appear in the pedigrees of honeybees, according to the following rules:
If an egg is laid by an unmated female, it hatches a male or drone bee.
If, however, an egg was fertilized by a male, it hatches a female.
Thus, a male bee always has one parent. If one traces the family tree of any male bee (1 bee), he has 1 parent, 2 grandparents, 3 great-grandparents, 5 great-great-grandparents, and so on. This sequence of numbers of parents is the Fibonacci sequence. How mind-boggling is that?!
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The golden ratio is best approximated by the famous Fibonacci numbers. The next numbers in the Fibonacci sequence, for instance, are 1,2,3, and 5. The ratios of sequential Fibonacci numbers (2/1, 3/2, 5/3, etc.) approach the golden ratio. In fact, the higher the Fibonacci numbers, the closer their relationship is to 1.618.
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